Cereals play an important role, providing most important source of calories to humans and rice contributes almost 23% calories globally. Rice is the staple diet of almost half of the population of the world, and it is a well-known economical cereal. The rice production hit a drastic change with the adoption of green revolution. Breeding programs need to evolve to cope with the increase in population and provide pest and disease resistance to the crops. Moreover, the main purpose of genetic transformation is to generate rice with useful phenotypes i.e unachieveable conventional plant breeding, to correct faults in cultivars more efficiently than conventional breeding.

It also helps in yield improvement, more resistant to disease and pest resistance, herbicides tolerance, better nutritional value, increased shelf life, better climatic survival by increasing tolerance to drought. One of the essential requirements in a gene transfer system for production of transgenic rice is the availability of a target tissue including cells competent for plant regeneration, a method to introduce DNA into those re-generable cells and a procedure to select and to re-generate transformed plants at a satisfactory frequency. Rice needs more production with the gradual rise in population and genetic transformation is the only solution in the coming years.